Kopy

Usage

IntelliJ IDEA or Android Studio configuration

Enable K2 compiler in the IDE settings:

File > Settings > Language & Frameworks > Kotlin > Enable K2 mode

It is necessary to restart the IDE to do the next step.

Allow third party K2 plugins:

Popup the quick search with shift + shift and type Registry..., then search for:

kotlin.k2.only.bundled.compiler.plugins.enabled

And uncheck it.

Download

Apply the plugin in the build.gradle.kts or build.gradle:

plugins {
    id("com.javiersc.kotlin.kopy") version "$kopyVersion"
}

As the plugin uses under the hood the Atomicfu library, the performance can be improved by applying the Atomicfu plugin, it is important to apply the Kopy plugin before the Atomicfu one.

plugins {
    id("com.javiersc.kotlin.kopy") version "$kopyVersion"
    id("org.jetbrains.kotlin.plugin.atomicfu") version "$kotlinVersion"
}

Plugin configurations

The extension kopy is available to configure the plugin:

Visibility

The visibility option allows changing the visibility of the copy and invoke functions. The default value is Auto, which uses the same visibility the primary constructor has, as the original copy function does after Kotlin 2.0.20.

Possible values:

• KopyVisibility.Auto (Default): The visibility of the primary constructor is used.
• KopyVisibility.Public: The visibility of the generated functions will be public.
• KopyVisibility.Internal: The visibility of the generated functions will be internal.
• KopyVisibility.Protected: The visibility of the generated functions will be protected.
• KopyVisibility.Private: The visibility of the generated functions will be private.

It is possible to have a more restrictive Kopy copy and invoke functions than the original one, for example by providing the KopyVisiblity.Private and the primary constructor being public or internal. The original copy function would be public or internal respectively, and the Kopy functions would be private.

Note

If the primary constructor visibility is more restrictive than the specified visibility, the primary constructor one is used.

Example

import com.javiersc.kotlin.kopy.args.KopyVisibility

plugins {
    id("com.javiersc.kotlin.kopy") version "$version"
}

kopy {
    visibility = KopyVisibility.Private
}

Functions

The functions option allows to decide which functions will be generated.

Possible values:

• KopyFunctions.All (default): Both, copy and invoke functions, will be generated.
• KopyFunctions.Copy: Only the copy function will be generated.
• KopyFunctions.Invoke: Only the invoke function will be generated.

Example

import com.javiersc.kotlin.kopy.args.KopyFunctions

plugins {
    id("com.javiersc.kotlin.kopy") version "$version"
}

kopy {
    functions = KopyFunctions.All
}

Kopy Example

import com.javiersc.kotlin.kopy.Kopy

fun main() {
    val house = House(
        squareMeters = 100,
        kitchen = Kitchen(
            cat = Cat(
                name = "Garfield",
                age = 5,
                numbers = listOf(1, 2, 3),
            ),
            squareMeters = 10,
        ),
    )
    val house2: House = house.copy {
        squareMeters = 200
        kitchen.cat.name = "Felix"
        kitchen.cat.age = 7
        kitchen.cat.numbers.updateEach { it + 1 }
        kitchen.squareMeters = 20
    }

    // House(squareMeters=200, kitchen=Kitchen(cat=Cat(name=Felix, age=7, numbers=[2, 3, 4]), squareMeters=20))
    println(house2)
}

@Kopy
data class House(val squareMeters: Int, val kitchen: Kitchen)

@Kopy
data class Kitchen(val cat: Cat, val squareMeters: Int)

@Kopy
data class Cat(val name: String, val age: Int, val numbers: List<Int>)

Features

copy or invoke

copy and invoke create a new instance of the data class with the content specified. There is no difference between both functions.

set or =

set and = do the same, assigning a value.

val house2: House = house.copy {
    kitchen.cat.name = "Felix"
}

val house3: House = house.copy {
    kitchen.cat.name.set("Felix")
}

update

update is a lambda which allows updating the value of the property while having access to the current value.

val house2: House = house.copy {
    kitchen.cat.name.update { name -> "$name Jr." }
}

updateEach

updateEach is a lambda that allows updating the values of an Iterable while having access to the current value of each element.

val house2: House = house.copy {
    kitchen.cat.numbers.updateEach { it + 1 }
}

Kotlin Multiplatform

Kopy is compatible with Kotlin Multiplatform projects if it is used exclusively on projects that applies the plugin.

Calling copy or invoke functions from Swift, or anything that is not Kotlin with the Kopy plugin applied, will not work.

KopyKat comparison

Kopy uses the K2 compiler plugin whereas KopyKat uses KSP to generate code, as a consequence there are different advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages

• Kopy’s code generation is faster than KopyKat’s
• Kopy does not need to run any Gradle task to get feedback on the IDE:
  • Autocompletion shows the copy and invoke functions instantly after annotating a data class with @Kopy annotation.
  • Removing the @Kopy annotation instantly removes the copy and invoke functions without running a Gradle task or manually deleting the build directory of a project.
  • As it is not necessary to assemble/build the project, the feedback loop is faster.
• Build time should be better too (not tested).
• Kopy only adds 5 or 6 functions/properties to each data class, whereas KopyKat needs to generate builders and the functions/properties match the number of properties in the data class. In the future, the number of properties Kopy adds to each data class will be reduced to 1 or 2.

Disadvantages

Similar to Kotlin Power Assert, this plugin works on the call site, so it modifies the body of the copy or invoke lambdas. That means the plugin must be applied to get it working, so it is not a good idea to use it in a library or an SDK as it will force the users to apply the plugin. KopyKat generates all the builders, so it does not have this limitation.

An error is shown in the IDE or at compilation time if the plugin is not applied and the copy or invoke function from a class in another module is called, but it will not appear if the consumer is a Java application/library.

How it works

The plugin transforms the lambda into what a developer would do manually with copy functions, that means the copy or invoke lambda can only work if the plugin is applied to the project it is being called.

If the plugin is not applied, the copy and invoke function calls will be marked as errors. Don’t suppress them without applying the plugin as they will not work.

It is not necessary to suppress them manually, the Gradle plugin will suppress them automatically.

There is no reflection or mutability, the class will have some new functions and properties added.

The number is limited to 6 independently of the number of properties the data class has:

• copy function
• invoke function
• _atomic property
• set function
• update function
• updateEach function

When the Context Parameters feature is available, the number of properties and methods added to the data class will be reduced to only 1 or 2:

• copy function [optional]
• invoke function [optional]

A new CopyScope will be created, and it will be used to store the rest of properties, and it will be added as a context parameter to the copy and invoke lambdas:

data class House(val squareMeters: Int, val kitchen: Kitchen) {

    fun copy(block: CopyScope.() -> Unit): T = ...

    operator fun invoke(block: CopyScope.() -> Unit): T = ...
}